Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of lymphatic capillaries as shown in the first image?

Accepted Answer

They drain excess interstitial fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream.

Question 2

Which structure in the lymphatic system is responsible for filtering lymph and initiating immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node

Question 3

In the context of the immune system, what is an epitope as depicted in the second image?

Accepted Answer

A specific region on an antigen recognized by immune receptors

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the activation of a cytotoxic T cell (CD8+) during endogenous antigen presentation?

Accepted Answer

Antigen processing → MHC I presentation → CD8+ T cell activation

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and provides immediate defense, while adaptive immunity develops in response to specific antigens.

Question 6

A patient with a genetic defect in the complement system would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced inflammation and impaired cell lysis

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of antibodies produced by plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Binding to antigens and neutralizing toxins

Question 8

Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for the rapid secondary response to a previously encountered antigen?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells

Question 9

A person receives an injection of antibodies against a specific toxin. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Artificially induced passive immunity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of MHC class II molecules in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They present exogenous antigens to CD4+ T cells.

Question 11

Which process is illustrated by the selection and deletion of self-reactive T cells in the thymus, as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

Negative selection

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of natural killer (NK) cells in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

They induce apoptosis in infected or abnormal cells using perforin.

Question 13

A patient develops an autoimmune disease. Which of the following best explains the underlying mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Failure of negative selection leading to self-reactive lymphocytes

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

It is mediated by histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes.

Question 15

Which antibody class is most abundant in blood and provides the majority of antibody-based immunity?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 16

A person exposed to a live attenuated vaccine develops long-term immunity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Artificially induced active immunity

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of opsonization?

Accepted Answer

Coating of pathogens with antibodies or complement proteins to enhance phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of chronic stress on the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Suppression of inflammation and reduced phagocyte activity due to glucocorticoids

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why memory cells are important in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They allow for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of the complement system?

Accepted Answer

It consists of plasma proteins that enhance inflammation, promote phagocytosis, and cause cell lysis.

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Structure, Function, and Regulation

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