$$ \text{Effort} \times \text{Effort Arm} = \text{Load} \times \text{Load Arm} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between origin and insertion during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

The origin is the stationary attachment point, and the insertion is the movable attachment point that moves toward the origin during contraction.

Question 2

Which muscle arrangement is characterized by fascicles converging toward a single tendon insertion, as seen in the pectoralis major?

Accepted Answer

Convergent

Question 3

During aerobic (endurance) exercise, which of the following adaptations occurs in skeletal muscle?

Accepted Answer

Increase in myoglobin synthesis

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE regarding smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled by gap junctions, allowing synchronized contractions.

Question 5

Which muscle is the prime mover for jaw closure?

Accepted Answer

Temporalis

Question 6

What is the effect of resistance (anaerobic) exercise on skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Increase in muscle strength and size due to hypertrophy

Question 7

Which of the following statements about muscle contraction force is correct?

Accepted Answer

Muscle fibers with sarcomeres at 80–120% of their resting length generate more force.

Question 8

Which lever system in the human body is exemplified by standing on tip-toe, where the ball of the foot acts as the fulcrum?

Accepted Answer

Second-class lever

Question 9

Which muscle group is responsible for extension of the thigh and flexion of the knee?

Accepted Answer

Hamstrings

Question 10

Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the rotator cuff?

Accepted Answer

Deltoid

Question 11

A patient presents with difficulty in dorsiflexion of the ankle. Which muscle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Tibialis anterior

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the pelvic diaphragm?

Accepted Answer

Seals the inferior outlet of the pelvis and supports pelvic organs

Question 13

Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexion and supination of the forearm?

Accepted Answer

Biceps brachii

Question 14

Which of the following statements about muscle lever systems is correct?

Accepted Answer

A lever operates at mechanical advantage when the effort is farther from the fulcrum than the load.

Question 15

Which muscle arrangement allows for the greatest range of motion but the least power?

Accepted Answer

Parallel

Question 16

Which of the following muscles is involved in forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal muscles

Question 17

Which of the following is a characteristic of single-unit smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

Cells are connected by gap junctions, allowing coordinated contraction.

Question 18

Which muscle is responsible for smiling by elevating the corners of the mouth?

Accepted Answer

Zygomaticus major

Question 19

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for adduction of the thigh?

Accepted Answer

Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the basic principle of levers in muscle movement?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Effort} 	imes 	ext{Effort Arm} = 	ext{Load} 	imes 	ext{Load Arm} $$

The Muscle System: Structure, Function, and Major Muscles

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