$$10\text{Ca}^{2+} + 6\text{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$ + 2\text{OH}^- \rightarrow \text{Ca}_{10}(\text{PO}_4)_6(\text{OH})_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 2

Which bone cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption during remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 3

A patient presents with a bone fracture where the bone protrudes through the skin. What type of fracture is this?

Accepted Answer

Open (compound) fracture

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Bone forms by replacing hyaline cartilage

Question 5

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins is essential for collagen synthesis in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 7

A 70-year-old woman presents with decreased bone mass and frequent fractures. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 8

Which part of a long bone contains the yellow marrow and is lined by the endosteum?

Accepted Answer

Diaphysis

Question 9

During bone repair, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Reactive phase → Reparative phase → Bone remodeling phase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoblasts?

Accepted Answer

Build bone matrix and initiate calcification

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of hydroxyapatite in bone?

Accepted Answer

$$10	ext{Ca}^{2+} + 6	ext{PO}_4$$^{3-}$$ + 2	ext{OH}^- ightarrow 	ext{Ca}_{10}(	ext{PO}_4)_6(	ext{OH})_2$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about compact and spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

Compact bone is dense and provides strength; spongy bone is lightweight and supports marrow

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the effect of weight-bearing exercise on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates osteoblasts, increasing bone mass

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for shutting down growth at the epiphyseal plates during late adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone)

Question 15

A child with bowed legs and deformities in the skull and rib cage is most likely suffering from which condition?

Accepted Answer

Rickets

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of zones in the epiphyseal plate from epiphysis to diaphysis?

Accepted Answer

Resting zone → Proliferation zone → Hypertrophic zone → Calcification zone → Ossification zone

Question 17

Which of the following minerals is most abundant in bone and critical for its hardness?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 18

A deficiency in which vitamin would most likely result in decreased collagen production and delayed bone repair?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum?

Accepted Answer

It is a connective tissue membrane covering the diaphysis and contains osteogenic cells

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why post-menopausal women are at higher risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen leads to increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption

The Skeletal System: Bone Tissue – Structure, Function, and Physiology

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