Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels

Question 2

A patient with chronic hypertension is at increased risk for which of the following complications related to the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

Rupture of glomerular capillaries leading to renal failure

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the majority of water reabsorption in the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 4

The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in a healthy adult male is approximately:

Accepted Answer

$$125\ \mathrm{mL/min}$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It monitors flow rate and osmolarity in the distal convoluted tubule to regulate GFR.

Question 6

Which of the following substances is NOT normally filtered through the glomerular filtration membrane?

Accepted Answer

Plasma proteins

Question 7

A patient is dehydrated and has a low blood pressure. Which hormone will be secreted to help conserve water and increase blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why the afferent arteriole is larger in diameter than the efferent arteriole?

Accepted Answer

To create high blood pressure in the glomerulus, promoting filtration

Question 9

Which of the following equations correctly represents the calculation of net filtration pressure (NFP) in the glomerulus?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = P_{GC} - (P_{BC} + \pi_{GC})$$

Question 10

Which of the following is a direct effect of aldosterone on the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Increased sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule

Question 11

A patient has a GFR that is too low. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Wastes that should be eliminated are reabsorbed

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

The movement of substances from the blood into the tubular fluid

Question 13

Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for the active transport of ions and requires a significant amount of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Thick segment of the nephron loop

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct sequence of fluid flow through the nephron?

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capsule → PCT → Nephron loop → DCT → Collecting duct

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why only a small portion of the glomerular filtrate is excreted as urine?

Accepted Answer

Most of the filtrate is reabsorbed back into the blood

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels and stimulates red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 17

A patient with a mutation that causes the podocytes to lose their filtration slits would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and possibly blood cells appearing in the urine

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the collecting duct?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where fluid is officially considered urine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of afferent arterioles, reducing GFR and conserving water

Question 20

Which of the following is the main nitrogenous waste product excreted by the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Urea

The Urinary System: Structure, Function, and Filtration

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