Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cells are typically small in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with their environment.

Question 2

Which structure is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Question 3

A scientist discovers a cell with the following characteristics: DNA in a nucleoid region, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear lamina in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The shape of the nucleus will be compromised, potentially affecting nuclear stability.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 7

Which of the following is a key piece of evidence supporting the endosymbiont theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain circular DNA and free ribosomes similar to those of bacteria.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of microfilaments just beneath its plasma membrane. Which of the following is the most likely function of these microfilaments?

Accepted Answer

Providing tensile strength and helping maintain cell shape

Question 9

Which of the following cell junctions would you expect to find in tissues that experience significant mechanical stress, such as cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Desmosomes

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why lysosomal enzymes are not active in the cytosol?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomal enzymes require the acidic environment inside the lysosome to be active.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol detoxification by transferring hydrogen to oxygen, producing $$\mathrm{H_2O_2}$$

Question 12

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which structure prevents the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of integrins in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They are receptor proteins that connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct sequence of protein movement through the endomembrane system for a secreted protein?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

A mutation disrupts dynein function in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of plasmodesmata in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

They are channels that allow the passage of water, small solutes, and sometimes proteins and RNA between adjacent cells.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 19

Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They are surrounded by a single membrane.

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of bound ribosomes. Which of the following is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Production of proteins for export or insertion into membranes

A Tour of the Cell: Structure, Function, and Diversity

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard