Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why electron microscopes cannot be used to observe living cells?

Accepted Answer

Electron microscopes require specimens to be placed in a vacuum, which kills living cells.

Question 2

A scientist wants to study the surface structure of a virus particle. Which type of microscope should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Scanning electron microscope, because it provides detailed 3D images of surfaces.

Question 3

Which of the following is a feature shared by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 4

Why do cells need a high surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the rate of diffusion of materials in and out of the cell.

Question 5

A cell biologist uses a centrifuge to separate cellular components. Which component will form the pellet at the lowest centrifuge speed?

Accepted Answer

Nuclei, because they are the largest and densest organelles.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and folding of proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion.

Question 7

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear pores in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ATP.

Question 9

Which organelle is responsible for the detoxification of harmful substances and the synthesis of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 10

According to the endosymbiotic theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They have their own circular DNA and ribosomes similar to bacteria.

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. Which organelle helps prevent the cell from bursting?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole, by storing excess water and maintaining turgor pressure.

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for the movement of cilia and flagella?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules arranged in a 9+2 pattern.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of peroxisomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They detoxify harmful substances by transferring hydrogen to oxygen, forming hydrogen peroxide.

Question 14

A mutation disrupts the function of integrins in an animal cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Attachment of the cell to the extracellular matrix and signal transmission across the membrane.

Question 15

Which type of cell junction in animal cells forms a continuous seal to prevent leakage of extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the process of cellular respiration in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{ATP}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why muscle contraction depends on the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Actin microfilaments interact with myosin motor proteins to generate movement.

Question 18

A researcher observes a eukaryotic cell with an abnormally shaped nucleus and suspects a defect in the nuclear lamina. Which cytoskeletal element is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments.

Question 19

Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells and provides rigidity and protection?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall composed of cellulose microfibrils.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Chapter 6

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard