Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present at birth and responds rapidly, while adaptive immunity develops after exposure and is specific to antigens.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin as a surface barrier in innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Question 3

A patient with a genetic defect in lysozyme production would most likely have increased susceptibility to infections in which of the following locations?

Accepted Answer

Tears and sweat glands

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why commensal microbes are considered part of the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

They compete with pathogenic microbes for resources and space, inhibiting pathogen colonization.

Question 5

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Chemotaxis → Adherence → Ingestion → Digestion → Killing

Question 6

Which cell type is the chief phagocyte and can be found as both free and fixed forms in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Macrophage

Question 7

Natural killer (NK) cells differ from phagocytes in that NK cells:

Accepted Answer

Attack any body cell displaying abnormal membrane proteins and induce apoptosis or cytolysis.

Question 8

Which of the following is a major benefit of mild to moderate fever during infection?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits the growth of some microbes and speeds up body repair reactions.

Question 9

Which of the following is a key feature of adaptive immunity that distinguishes it from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It has memory for previously encountered antigens.

Question 10

A patient receives a kidney transplant. Which branch of adaptive immunity is primarily responsible for attacking the transplanted tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of interferons in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins released by virus-infected cells that protect uninfected host cells from viral infection.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Numbness

Question 13

Which of the following antimicrobial proteins is most directly responsible for destroying bacteria by cell lysis?

Accepted Answer

Complement

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the stomach is an effective barrier to many pathogens?

Accepted Answer

It contains high concentrations of hydrochloric acid (pH 1-3) that kill microorganisms.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of commensal microbes in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

They help defend their territory and inhibit the establishment of pathogenic microbes.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Assisting both cytotoxic T cells and B cells in mounting an immune response

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of chemotaxis during phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of phagocytes toward a site of damage in response to chemical signals

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

It involves B cells transforming into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why high fever can be dangerous to the body?

Accepted Answer

It denatures enzymes, disrupting normal cellular functions.

Basic Principles of Immunological Reactions: Innate & Adaptive Immune Responses

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard