Introduction to Biology
Characteristics of Life
Life's Organizational Hierarchy
Scientific Method
Atoms - Smallest Unit of Matter
Isotopes
Introduction to Chemical Bonding
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonding
Hydrogen Bonding
Introduction to Water
Properties of Water- Cohesion and Adhesion
Properties of Water- Thermal
Properties of Water- The Universal Solvent
Acids and Bases
pH Scale
Carbon
Functional Groups
Introduction to Biomolecules
Monomers & Polymers
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells
Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles
Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion
Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles
Mitochondria & Chloroplasts
Introduction to the Cytoskeleton
Biological Membranes
Types of Membrane Proteins
Concentration Gradients and Diffusion
Introduction to Membrane Transport
Passive vs. Active Transport
Osmosis
Simple and Facilitated Diffusion
Active Transport
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Introduction to Energy
Laws of Thermodynamics
Chemical Reactions
ATP
Enzymes
Introduction to Metabolism
Redox Reactions
Introduction to Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Pyruvate Oxidation
Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Chemiosmosis
Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration
Introduction to Photosynthesis
Leaf & Chloroplast Anatomy
Pigments of Photosynthesis
Stages of Photosynthesis
Light Reactions of Photosynthesis
Calvin Cycle
C3, C4 & CAM Plants
Introduction to DNA Replication
DNA Polymerases
Leading & Lagging DNA Strands
Steps of DNA Replication
DNA Repair
Telomeres
Central Dogma
Introduction to Transcription
Steps of Transcription
Eukaryotic RNA Processing and Splicing
Introduction to Types of RNA
Genetic Code
Introduction to Translation
Steps of Translation
Mutations
Genomes