Question 1

Which of the following best explains why hereditary retinoblastoma is more likely to develop earlier in life compared to non-hereditary retinoblastoma?

Accepted Answer

Hereditary cases require only one additional mutation event in the RB gene, while non-hereditary cases require two independent mutation events.

Question 2

The RB protein is a tumor suppressor that regulates which specific cell cycle transition?

Accepted Answer

From G1 phase to S phase

Question 3

Which of the following lifestyle changes would most likely decrease the risk of developing skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

Reducing excessive sun exposure

Question 4

A patient presents with high levels of PSA in their blood. What is the most likely clinical implication?

Accepted Answer

Possible prostate cancer

Question 5

Which of the following statements about chemotherapy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy targets all rapidly dividing cells, including both cancerous and normal cells.

Question 6

What is the main mechanism by which radiation therapy kills cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Inducing excessive DNA damage that leads to cell death

Question 7

Which of the following best describes a 'synthetic lethal' cancer therapy?

Accepted Answer

A treatment that is lethal to cancer cells with specific mutations but not to normal cells due to redundancy in DNA repair pathways

Question 8

The BCR-ABL fusion protein, found in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), is the result of which chromosomal event?

Accepted Answer

A reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22

Question 9

How does the drug Gleevec (imatinib) work to treat CML?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the ATP-binding pocket of the BCR-ABL protein, inhibiting its tyrosine kinase activity

Question 10

Why is simultaneous treatment with multiple anti-cancer drugs often more effective than sequential treatment with single drugs?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the likelihood that cancer cells will develop resistance to all drugs at once

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential risk of using immunotherapy to treat cancer?

Accepted Answer

Development of autoimmune side effects

Question 12

What is the primary function of the HER2 receptor in breast and stomach cells?

Accepted Answer

To relay signals that promote cell growth and division

Question 13

Herceptin is most effective in treating which type of cancer cell?

Accepted Answer

HER2-positive breast or stomach cancer cells

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of basic and pre-clinical research in cancer therapy development?

Accepted Answer

It provides foundational knowledge that can be translated into clinical research and eventually into patient treatments.

Question 15

A tumor is staged as T2N1M0. What does this indicate about the cancer?

Accepted Answer

The tumor is of moderate size, has spread to nearby lymph nodes, but has not metastasized to distant organs.

Question 16

Which diagnostic marker is specifically associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Accepted Answer

Bcr-abl

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can evade immune detection?

Accepted Answer

They create an immunosuppressive microenvironment and express inhibitory proteins that restrain T cell responses.

Question 18

Which of the following is a drawback of using surgery as a cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

It may not be effective if cancer has metastasized to multiple locations.

Question 19

Which of the following dietary patterns is associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer?

Accepted Answer

A diet high in cruciferous vegetables

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of translational science in cancer research?

Accepted Answer

It converts basic biological discoveries into clinical applications and treatments.

BIO 102 Week 8 Cancer Part 2 B

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard