Question 1

Which type of cell signaling involves signaling molecules traveling through the bloodstream to reach distant target cells?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine signaling

Question 2

What is the correct order of the three steps of cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

Reception, Transduction, Response

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a major type of membrane receptor?

Accepted Answer

Voltage-gated sodium channel

Question 4

During G-protein coupled receptor signaling, what happens immediately after the ligand binds to the GPCR?

Accepted Answer

The G protein switches GDP for GTP and becomes activated.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

A small molecule that relays signals received by receptors to target molecules inside the cell.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an example of a second messenger?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 7

A group of enzymes called kinases add a phosphate group to a protein. Which group of enzymes removes a phosphate group?

Accepted Answer

Phosphatases

Question 8

True or false: Adding a phosphate group always activates a protein, while removing a phosphate group always deactivates the protein.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 9

The second messenger cAMP is made by the enzyme adenylyl cyclase hydrolyzing pyrophosphate from which molecule?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Question 10

Which area of the cell typically has a low Ca$$^{2+}$$ concentration?

Accepted Answer

Cytosol

Question 11

Which enzyme cleaves a specific membrane lipid to generate DAG and PIP$$_2 ($$which is converted to IP$$_3$$)?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipase C

Question 12

Which aspect of cell signaling increases the strength of the signal and response?

Accepted Answer

Amplification

Question 13

Controlled cell death is called:

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis

Question 14

In C. elegans, which molecular mechanism is involved in apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Activation of caspase proteins that degrade cellular components

Question 15

What is a gamete?

Accepted Answer

A cell with one set of chromosomes

Question 16

How many sets of chromosomes does a somatic cell have?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 17

The narrow waist of a duplicated chromosome, where two sister chromatids are most tightly attached, is called:

Accepted Answer

Centromere

Question 18

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 19

Which stage of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes aligning at the equator of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 20

A patient’s cells are observed to have condensed chromosomes, a broken-down nuclear envelope, and chromosomes moving toward the cell’s equator. Which stage of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Cell Communication and Cell Cycle Study Guide (General Biology)

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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