Question 1

The first image shows a potato with sprouts growing from it. Which biological process is primarily responsible for the growth of these new shoots?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 2

The second image shows budding yeast cells. What type of cell division is responsible for the formation of the smaller 'bud' on the yeast cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 3

The third image is a histological section of bone marrow. Which process occurring in this tissue is essential for the replacement of dead and damaged blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 4

The fourth image shows a series of dividing cells in early embryonic development. Which phase of the cell cycle is most active during this rapid cell division?

Accepted Answer

Mitotic phase (M phase)

Question 5

The fifth image shows plant cells at various stages of mitosis. Which structure is responsible for separating the chromosomes during mitosis in these cells?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fibers

Question 6

The sixth image is a photograph of Henrietta Lacks. Her cells, known as HeLa cells, are considered 'immortal' because they:

Accepted Answer

Can undergo unlimited mitotic divisions in culture

Question 7

The seventh image is a diagram of the eukaryotic cell cycle. Which phase is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

The eighth image is a cell cycle diagram. If a cell spends 10 hours in G1, 8 hours in S, 4 hours in G2, and 2 hours in M phase, what fraction of the cell cycle is spent in interphase? Use the formula $$	ext{Fraction} = \frac{	ext{G1} + 	ext{S} + 	ext{G2}}{	ext{Total cycle time}}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{22}{24}$$

Question 9

The ninth image shows the cell cycle with checkpoints. Which checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle before anaphase begins?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 10

The potato in the first image can reproduce asexually. Which statement best describes the genetic relationship between the new shoots and the parent potato?

Accepted Answer

The shoots are genetically identical to the parent potato

Question 11

The yeast cells in the second image are dividing by budding. Which of the following best describes the ploidy of the daughter cell compared to the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

The daughter cell has the same ploidy as the parent cell

Question 12

The bone marrow tissue in the third image is responsible for producing new blood cells. Which process is most directly involved in this function?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 13

The early embryo in the fourth image is undergoing rapid cell division. Which of the following best explains why these cells do not grow significantly between divisions?

Accepted Answer

The G1 and G2 phases are shortened or absent

Question 14

The plant cells in the fifth image are in various stages of mitosis. Which stage is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Henrietta Lacks' cells (HeLa cells) have been used in research for decades. Which property of these cells makes them especially valuable for scientific research?

Accepted Answer

They can divide indefinitely in culture

Question 16

Refer to the cell cycle diagram. If a mutation prevents a cell from passing the G1 checkpoint, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will remain in G1 or enter G0 and not divide

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes ($$n) $$and sister chromatids ($$c) in a $$human somatic cell during G2 phase?

Accepted Answer

$$n = 46, c = 92$$

Question 18

If a cell at metaphase of mitosis contains 20 sister chromatids in total, how many chromosomes will be present in a G1 cell of the same organism?

Accepted Answer

10

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Growth and replacement of dead or damaged cells

Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Growth, Division, and Chromosome Structure

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