Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To produce two genetically identical daughter cells for growth and tissue repair

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned along the equatorial plane and spindle fibers attached to centromeres. Which mitotic phase is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosome number change during meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

$$2N \rightarrow N$$

Question 5

What is the primary difference between cytokinesis in plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells form a cleavage furrow.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes a homologous pair of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Two chromosomes that have the same genes at the same loci but may have different alleles

Question 7

A karyotype is most useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Identifying chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomy 21

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell cycle in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 9

What is the correct sequence of DNA forms during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin → Sister Chromatids → Chromosomes

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the HeLa cell line is correct?

Accepted Answer

HeLa cells are cancerous cells that have been dividing continuously since 1951.

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with Down Syndrome. Which karyotype abnormality would you expect to find?

Accepted Answer

An extra chromosome at pair #21

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why erythrocytes (red blood cells) do not undergo mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They lack a nucleus

Question 13

In the alternation of generations life cycle, which process restores the diploid number of chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct description of the events during anaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Spindle fibers contract, pulling sister chromatids apart to opposite poles

Question 15

A cell is observed with a clearly visible nucleolus, intact nuclear membrane, and uncondensed chromatin. Which phase is this cell most likely in?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They attach to centromeres and help separate sister chromatids

Question 17

If a human somatic cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible consequence if the spindle apparatus fails to form during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids would not separate, leading to abnormal daughter cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why neurons in adults rarely undergo mitosis?

Accepted Answer

They are highly specialized and exit the cell cycle after adolescence

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

It mapped all the genes on human chromosomes

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, and Chromosome Structure: Study Notes for General Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard