Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in genetically identical cells, while meiosis results in genetically diverse gametes.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at the start of mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 5

What is the complementary DNA strand for the sequence 5'-A T C G T A-3'?

Accepted Answer

3'-T A G C A T-5'

Question 6

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over (recombination) occur?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I

Question 7

A mutation occurs during DNA replication. Which enzyme is most likely to correct this error?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase (proofreading function)

Question 8

If a diploid organism has a chromosome number of 2n = 6, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

3

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 10

What would happen if the enzyme ligase was nonfunctional during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand would not be joined together.

Question 11

Which of the following sequences would be the mRNA transcript for the DNA template strand 3'-TAC GGA TCA-5'?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUG CCU AGU-3'

Question 12

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 13

A cell is observed to have chromosomes aligned at the center of the cell. Which stage of mitosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why homologous chromosomes pair up during meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Pairing allows for genetic recombination and proper segregation of homologs in gamete formation.

Question 15

If a mutation prevents the formation of the spindle fibers during mitosis, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes would not be properly separated into daughter cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → M

Question 17

A scientist observes a cell with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Which process most likely produced this cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes an RNA strand complementary to the DNA template.

Question 19

If the sequence of a DNA coding strand is 5'-G C T A T G-3', what is the sequence of the mRNA produced?

Accepted Answer

5'-G C U A U G-3'

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why DNA replication is considered semi-conservative?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, DNA Replication, and Transcription/Translation Study Guide

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