Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of histone proteins in DNA packaging within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Histones help DNA coil into nucleosomes, allowing efficient packaging within the nucleus.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, and what is the product of this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; two sister chromatids per chromosome

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate and spindle fibers attached to kinetochores. Which stage of mitosis is this cell in?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

If a human cell (diploid number = 46) is in metaphase, how many centromeres are present?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 5

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle ensures that all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle before proceeding?

Accepted Answer

M checkpoint

Question 6

A patient is treated with Taxol, a drug that stabilizes microtubules and prevents their disassembly. What is the most likely effect on mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The mitotic spindle will not function properly, preventing chromosome separation.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of energy

Question 8

A cell is observed with a cleavage furrow forming and chromosomes decondensing. Which stage is this?

Accepted Answer

Telophase/cytokinesis

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why cancer cells can form tumors?

Accepted Answer

They lack density-dependent inhibition and can bypass cell cycle checkpoints.

Question 10

If a cell has 20 centromeres during metaphase, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$20$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about binary fission in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission results in two genetically identical daughter cells.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes euchromatin?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin that is loosely packed and can be easily transcribed

Question 13

A mutation causes a cell to skip the G1 checkpoint. What is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell may divide uncontrollably, leading to tumor formation.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between plant and animal cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Animal cells form a cleavage furrow; plant cells form a cell plate.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of errors in cell division?

Accepted Answer

Formation of tumors in the brain, as seen in MRI scans

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between the number of chromosomes ($$n$$), the number of chromatids ($$c$$), and the number of centromeres ($$m) in a $$cell during metaphase?

Accepted Answer

$$m = n$$

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios would most likely trigger the G2 checkpoint to halt the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete DNA replication

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a gene and a genome?

Accepted Answer

A gene is a functional unit of DNA; a genome is all the DNA in a cell.

Question 19

A researcher observes that a cell continues to divide even when surrounded by other cells and without being attached to a surface. What is the most likely explanation?

Accepted Answer

The cell has lost anchorage dependence and density-dependent inhibition, characteristics of cancer cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes condense → chromosomes align at metaphase plate → sister chromatids separate → nuclear envelope reforms

Cell Division: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis – Study Notes for General Biology

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