Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A flexible bilayer of amphipathic phospholipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrates, allowing lateral movement.

Question 2

Which component of the cell membrane is primarily responsible for cell recognition and communication?

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will burst (lysis) because water enters the cell due to osmosis.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of water potential ($$\Psi) in $$plant cells?

Accepted Answer

$$\Psi = \Psi_p + \Psi_s$$

Question 5

A cell uses a sodium-potassium pump to move Na$$^+$$ ions out and K$$^+$$ ions in. Which statement is correct about this process?

Accepted Answer

It is an example of active transport, moving ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why cells in the small intestine have microvilli?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for more efficient absorption of nutrients.

Question 7

A cell with a surface area of $$6\ \mu m^2$ and a volume of 1$$\ \mu $$m^3 is $$compared to a cell with a surface area of $$24\ \mu m^2$ and a volume of 8$$\ \mu $$m^3. $$Which cell is more efficient at membrane transport, and why?

Accepted Answer

The first cell, because it has a higher surface area to volume ratio ($$6:1 vs$$ $$3:1).$$

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 9

Which statement best distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus containing linear DNA, while prokaryotic cells have circular DNA in a nucleoid region.

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for packaging, modifying, and sorting proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

A plant cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and what is the term for this state?

Accepted Answer

It will become plasmolyzed as water leaves the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity across temperature changes.

Question 13

Which process is illustrated by a cell engulfing a bacterium using pseudopodia?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 14

Which of the following is evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own circular DNA and ribosomes, and replicate independently.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Their kinked structure prevents tight packing of phospholipids.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the path of a protein destined for secretion from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Transport vesicle → Plasma membrane

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Channel proteins form open pores for specific ions, while carrier proteins bind and change shape to transport molecules.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and maintenance of turgor pressure

Question 19

Which of the following statements about compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

It increases the efficiency of metabolic processes by separating incompatible reactions.

Question 20

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is this, and what is one function of the central vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell; maintains turgor pressure

Cell Membrane Structure, Transport, and Eukaryotic Cell Organization: Study Notes for General Biology

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