Question 1

Which structure is shown in the first image, and what is its primary function in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; it produces ATP through cellular respiration.

Question 2

Refer to the second image. What is the main function of the alveoli in the human respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To exchange gases between the air and blood.

Question 3

Which molecule diffuses into the blood at the alveoli, as shown in the respiratory system diagram?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 4

What is the correct equation for aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 5

Why does an animal cell placed in a hypotonic solution burst?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell by osmosis, causing it to swell and burst.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 7

What is the main advantage of the folds in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

They provide more surface area for ATP production.

Question 8

Which of the following molecules can cross the cell membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules like oxygen

Question 9

What is the role of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ATP as hydrogen ions diffuse through it.

Question 10

Why must cells remain small in size?

Accepted Answer

To maximize the surface area-to-volume ratio for efficient exchange of materials.

Question 11

If a cell's surface area-to-volume ratio decreases, what is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will have difficulty obtaining enough nutrients and removing waste.

Question 12

Which process allows glucose to enter a cell when it cannot diffuse directly through the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins

Question 13

What would happen if the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain was not present?

Accepted Answer

The electron transport chain would stop, and not enough ATP would be made.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 15

Which type of transport protein changes shape to move molecules across the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Carrier protein

Question 16

What is the main reason why lead is so toxic to cells?

Accepted Answer

It cannot cross the membrane easily and disrupts cellular processes.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why the lungs have a large surface area?

Accepted Answer

To increase the rate of gas exchange.

Question 18

Which feedback mechanism is responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 19

What is the main difference between active and passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient using energy.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes dynamic equilibrium in diffusion?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of molecules, but they continue to move randomly.

Unit Two Bio Test Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica