$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ \rightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + \text{energy}}$$

Question 1

Which part of the enzyme, as shown in the diagram, is responsible for binding the substrate and catalyzing the reaction?

Accepted Answer

Active site

Question 2

Enzymes are classified as which type of macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 3

What is the effect of increasing substrate concentration on the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The rate increases until the enzyme is saturated, then levels off

Question 4

Which equation best represents the overall reaction for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6\ O_2$ ightarrow 6\ CO_2$ + 6\ H_2O + 	ext{energy}}$$

Question 5

Which molecule acts as the primary electron carrier in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 6

What is the main function of the allosteric site on an enzyme, as shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

It allows noncompetitive inhibitors to bind and regulate enzyme activity

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular energetics?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it when hydrolyzed

Question 8

If a cell is exposed to an irreversible inhibitor like cyanide, what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The enzymes will be permanently blocked, leading to cell death

Question 9

Which phase of the Calvin cycle is responsible for incorporating carbon dioxide into organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fixation

Question 10

Why do leaves change color in the fall, according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll production decreases, revealing other pigments like carotenoids

Question 11

Which of the following is a product that increases entropy in your body and surroundings, as illustrated in the energy flow diagram?

Accepted Answer

Heat

Question 12

What would happen to muscle cells if they deplete their supply of oxygen and ATP?

Accepted Answer

They would undergo lactic acid fermentation

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzyme function is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions

Question 14

Which process occurs when rubisco binds to oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, especially in hot, dry climates?

Accepted Answer

Photorespiration

Question 15

How is ATP synthesized during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

By substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fats store more energy than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats contain more fatty acid chains with many carbons that release energy when broken down

Question 17

What is the main difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site, noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the allosteric site

Question 18

Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis, and where do its two stages occur?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast; thylakoid membranes and stroma

Question 19

What would happen if oxygen was removed from the electron transport chain (ETC) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electrons would build up, shutting down the ETC and stopping ATP synthesis

Question 20

Which molecule is reduced to water at the end of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Cellular Energetics Study Guide – Step-by-Step Guidance

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