Q: Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2O + \text{ATP} + \text{heat}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in the context of energy flow in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy, and cellular respiration releases that energy for cellular work.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the overall process of aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2O + 	ext{ATP} + 	ext{heat}$$

Question 3

During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP produced?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 4

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the mitochondrial electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{O}_2$$

Question 5

A patient is exposed to cyanide, which blocks a step in the electron transport chain. What is the most immediate cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation will decrease sharply.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It produces a net gain of 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

Question 7

Why is glycolysis considered an ancient and universal metabolic pathway?

Accepted Answer

It occurs in the cytosol and does not require membrane-bound organelles or oxygen.

Question 8

Which process regenerates NAD$$^+$$ under anaerobic conditions in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why fats yield more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are more reduced and thus release more electrons for the electron transport chain.

Question 10

Which step in the Calvin cycle is responsible for incorporating inorganic carbon into organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Carbon fixation

Question 11

What is the primary function of the light reactions in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To produce ATP and NADPH for the Calvin cycle

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct comparison between oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both processes use a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 13

Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle, and what is its role?

Accepted Answer

RuBisCO; attaches CO$$_2 to $$RuBP

Question 14

A person is fasting and their body begins to use proteins for energy. After deamination, which metabolic pathway can the carbon skeletons of amino acids enter?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, or as acetyl CoA, depending on the amino acid

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct product of the Calvin cycle that can be used to synthesize glucose and other organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate)

Question 16

Which of the following statements about redox reactions in cellular respiration is correct?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is reduced to water.

Question 17

If a cell's inner mitochondrial membrane becomes leaky to protons (H$$^+$$), what is the most likely effect on ATP production?

Accepted Answer

ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation will decrease.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why plants release more O$$_2$$ than they use for their own cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis produces much more O$$_2$$ than is consumed by respiration.

Question 19

Which of the following is a consequence of feedback inhibition in biosynthetic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Excess product inhibits an early enzyme, preventing overproduction.

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis: Energy Transformations in Cells

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