Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, which enzyme catalyzes the committed step, and how is this step regulated?

Accepted Answer

Phosphofructokinase; regulated by ATP binding at a regulatory site

Question 3

If a cell is supplied with glucose labeled with radioactive $$^{14}	ext{C}$$, which of the following molecules could become radiolabeled as a result of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$, amino acids, and membrane lipids

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue

Question 5

What is the net ATP yield from one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$ ATP

Question 6

Which of the following is a direct product of the energy-payoff phase of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 7

A mutation causes phosphofructokinase (PFK) to have a higher affinity for ATP at its regulatory site than at its active site. What is the most likely effect on glycolysis as ATP levels rise?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis rate will decrease sharply as ATP levels rise

Question 8

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

The transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP

Question 9

In the absence of oxygen, what is the primary purpose of fermentation in cells?

Accepted Answer

To regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT an input for glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 11

Which step in glycolysis is responsible for the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and the reduction of NAD+?

Accepted Answer

Step 6: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the complete oxidation of glucose yields more ATP than fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Aerobic respiration uses the electron transport chain to generate a proton gradient for ATP synthesis

Question 13

Which of the following is a possible consequence if the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase is nonfunctional in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Only half as much pyruvate and ATP will be produced from each glucose

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces NADH and FADH$$_2$$ that feed electrons into the electron transport chain

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the fate of pyruvate in human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It is converted to lactate to regenerate NAD+

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of fermentation used by humans?

Accepted Answer

Production of bread using yeast

Question 17

If the electron transport chain is blocked, which of the following will most likely accumulate in the cell?

Accepted Answer

NADH

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why ATP is required in the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

ATP phosphorylates glucose, increasing its potential energy and making it more reactive

Question 19

Which of the following is the most abundant molecule in cell membranes that could become radiolabeled if a cell is fed $$^{14}	ext{C}-$$glucose?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as an electron acceptor, becoming reduced to NADH

Cellular Respiration: Glycolysis and Fermentation Study Guide

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