Q: Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 2

During cellular respiration, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 3

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the main role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

They transport electrons to the electron transport chain.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why energy is released in small, controlled steps during cellular respiration rather than all at once as in combustion?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the cell from overheating and to efficiently capture energy as ATP.

Question 6

In the reaction $$	ext{Na} + 	ext{Cl} ightarrow 	ext{Na}^+ + 	ext{Cl}^-$$, what happens to sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl)?

Accepted Answer

Na is oxidized, Cl is reduced.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of chemiosmosis in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Protons (H$$^+) $$flow through ATP synthase, driving the synthesis of ATP.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 9

A patient with a genetic defect in the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate would have a buildup of which molecule?

Accepted Answer

Malate

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 11

If a cell is unable to produce enough ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, which process is most likely to increase to compensate?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 12

Which of the following statements about glycolysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It produces pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.

Question 13

A poison that blocks the electron transport chain in mitochondria will directly cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A buildup of NADH and FADH$$_2$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the citric acid cycle is considered a cycle?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates oxaloacetate, which combines with acetyl-CoA to start the cycle again.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric acid cycle → Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of a defect in the insulin receptor, as seen in Type II diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Cells do not respond to insulin and fail to absorb glucose from the blood.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a redox reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another.

Question 18

In the context of cellular respiration, what does the mnemonic 'OIL RIG' stand for?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation Is Losing, Reduction Is Gaining (electrons)

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between cellular respiration and the combustion of sugar?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration releases energy in a controlled, stepwise manner, while combustion releases energy all at once.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the electron transport chain is essential for ATP production in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

It creates a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via chemiosmosis.

Cellular Respiration: Mechanisms and Stages

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