$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical reaction for aerobic cellular respiration of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\ \mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net yield of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which step of cellular respiration produces the greatest amount of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation)

Question 4

What is the primary function of ATP synthase in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To use the energy from a proton gradient to synthesize ATP from ADP and $$\mathrm{P_i}$$

Question 5

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$\mathrm{O_2$})$$

Question 6

In the citric acid cycle, for each acetyl-CoA molecule, how many NADH, FADH2, and ATP (or GTP) are produced?

Accepted Answer

3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP (or GTP)

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why oxygen is essential for most organisms during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain, allowing ATP production to continue

Question 8

Which process allows cells to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen, and what is the net ATP yield per glucose?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation; 2 ATP

Question 9

What is the main difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, while oxidative phosphorylation uses a proton gradient and ATP synthase

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a way cells regulate metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the concentration of glucose in the cytoplasm

Question 11

If a person is lactose intolerant, which regulatory mechanism is responsible for their inability to digest lactose?

Accepted Answer

They do not produce the enzyme lactase

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the citric acid cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It regenerates oxaloacetate at the end of each cycle

Question 13

During anaerobic respiration in bacteria, which molecule can act as the final electron acceptor instead of oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Nitrate ($$\mathrm{NO_3$^-})$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation in human muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 15

A patient with a genetic mutation affecting ATP synthase structure is likely to experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Reduced efficiency in ATP production during oxidative phosphorylation

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the fate of NADH produced during glycolysis under anaerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

It is used to reduce pyruvate to lactic acid or ethanol, regenerating NAD+

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a primary metabolic pathway necessary for life?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of nucleic acids for energy

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the use of fats and proteins for energy is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fats and proteins enter the cellular respiration pathway at different points, but can use some of the same enzymes as glucose metabolism

Question 19

Which of the following equations represents anaerobic respiration in bacteria using nitrate as the final electron acceptor?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 12\ \mathrm{$$KNO_3$$} ightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\ \mathrm{H_2O} + 12\ \mathrm{$$KNO_2$$} + 	ext{energy}$$

Cellular Respiration: Pathways, Regulation, and Comparative Metabolism

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