Question 1

According to the Central Dogma of molecular biology, which of the following correctly describes the flow of genetic information in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → mRNA → Protein

Question 2

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing the RNA primer required to initiate synthesis of the new DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

Primase

Question 3

Refer to the replication fork diagram. On the lagging strand, DNA is synthesized in short fragments. What are these fragments called?

Accepted Answer

Okazaki fragments

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the function of the E site in the ribosome during translation?

Accepted Answer

It is where the tRNA exits the ribosome after its amino acid has been added.

Question 5

In the cell cycle, which phase is responsible for DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 6

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Which of the following events increases genetic variation during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 8

A couple, both carriers for a recessive genetic disorder, have two children. What is the probability that both children will be affected by the disorder? (Assume independent assortment and that the disorder is autosomal recessive.)

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 9

Which of the following statements about exons and introns is correct?

Accepted Answer

Exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA that exits the nucleus.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a source of genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 11

During DNA replication, which strand is synthesized continuously toward the replication fork?

Accepted Answer

Leading strand

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the law of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes assort independently during gamete formation.

Question 13

A DNA sequence is given as follows (coding strand): 5'-ATG GCT TGA-3'. What is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

5'-AUG GCU UGA-3'

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

M phase includes mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the template strand during transcription?

Accepted Answer

It runs 3' to 5' from the promoter region and is used to synthesize mRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of DNA ligase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a function of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of identical daughter cells

Question 18

If a cell has 8 chromosomes at the start of G1, how many chromosomes and chromatids will it have after S phase but before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

8 chromosomes and 16 chromatids

Question 19

Which of the following statements about translation is correct?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA is read in the 5' to 3' direction.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why most genetic variation in meiosis arises during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over and independent assortment both occur during meiosis I.

Central Dogma, Cell Division, and Genetic Variation: Study Notes for General Biology

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