Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why most cells are microscopic in size?

Accepted Answer

Smaller cells have a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials across the plasma membrane.

Question 2

Which type of microscope would you use to study the detailed structure of an organelle inside a liver cell?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 3

The cell theory states that:

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of cells and all cells come from other cells.

Question 4

Which structure is present in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 5

A scientist wants to observe the changes in shape of a living human white blood cell. Which microscope should they use?

Accepted Answer

Light microscope (LM)

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

It produces membranes and synthesizes proteins for export, with ribosomes attached to its surface.

Question 7

Which organelle is most directly involved in the breakdown and recycling of damaged organelles within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 8

According to the endosymbiont theory, which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the surface area of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 6l^2$

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 11

A muscle tear injury would most likely involve the rupture of which type of cell junction?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring junction

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for converting solar energy into chemical energy in the form of sugars?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of integrins in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton through the plasma membrane.

Question 14

Which component of the cytoskeleton is primarily responsible for guiding transport vesicles from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of molecules and wastes, and facilitation of cell growth

Question 16

Which equation correctly represents the volume of a cube-shaped cell with side length $$l$$?

Accepted Answer

$$V = l^3$

Question 17

Which of the following structures is analogous to plasmodesmata in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

They are metabolic compartments that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful substances.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes. What can you infer about its function?

Accepted Answer

It is actively synthesizing proteins.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Chapter 4: A Tour of the Cell – General Biology Study Notes

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