Q: During cellular respiration, what is the overall balanced chemical equation for the breakdown of glucose?

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ \rightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + ATP + \text{heat}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with proteins floating within or attached to the bilayer.

Question 2

Which molecules can diffuse directly through the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane without the help of transport proteins?

Accepted Answer

Small nonpolar molecules such as $$O_2$$ and $$CO_2$$

Question 3

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 4

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move solutes across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

What is the main function of receptor proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Binding signaling molecules and relaying messages into the cell

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why enzymes increase the rate of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy barrier for the reaction.

Question 7

During cellular respiration, what is the overall balanced chemical equation for the breakdown of glucose?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6 O_2$ ightarrow 6 CO_2$ + 6 H_2O + ATP + 	ext{heat}$$

Question 8

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain and chemiosmosis)

Question 9

Why does fermentation yield much less ATP per glucose than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use the electron transport chain or oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide into organic molecules using ATP and NADPH.

Question 11

What is the role of RuBisCO in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It attaches carbon dioxide to RuBP during carbon fixation.

Question 12

Which process in meiosis increases genetic diversity by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 13

A human cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after division?

Accepted Answer

46

Question 14

Which checkpoint in the cell cycle is most critical for determining whether a cell will divide or enter G$$_0$$?

Accepted Answer

G$$_1$$ checkpoint

Question 15

In Mendel’s monohybrid cross of true-breeding purple and white flowered pea plants, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F$$_2$$ generation?

Accepted Answer

3 purple : 1 white

Question 16

A testcross is performed between a black-coated dog of unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive (chocolate) dog. If some offspring are chocolate, what is the genotype of the black-coated parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the physical basis for Mendel’s law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct product of the light reactions of photosynthesis and is used in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

NADPH

Question 19

If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrivel as water leaves the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups.

Chapter 5: The Working Cell – Membranes, Energy, and Enzymes (Campbell Biology, 10th Edition)

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