$$\text{Glucose} \rightarrow \text{Glycogen}$$

$$\text{Increased water intake} \rightarrow \text{Decreased ADH secretion}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism by which steroid hormones exert their effects on target cells?

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors, which then regulate gene transcription.

Question 2

A patient presents with an enlarged thyroid gland (goiter). Which of the following is the most likely cause based on endocrine system knowledge?

Accepted Answer

Deficiency of iodine in the diet, leading to reduced thyroxine production.

Question 3

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for water reabsorption in the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 4

What is the primary function of insulin in the regulation of blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

Decreases blood glucose by increasing uptake of glucose into cells.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth, causing increased uterine contractions.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the conversion of glucose to glycogen stimulated by insulin?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Glucose} ightarrow 	ext{Glycogen}$$

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 8

A person with Type 1 diabetes is unable to regulate blood glucose because:

Accepted Answer

Their immune system destroys insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes paracrine communication?

Accepted Answer

Cells release local hormones that act on nearby cells and are quickly degraded or taken up.

Question 10

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating release from bones and absorption in the intestines?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is synthesized from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 12

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla in response to stress and increases heart rate and blood sugar?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following is a peptide hormone that stimulates milk synthesis and secretion by the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 14

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating ovulation and the secretion of estrogen and progesterone in females?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why oxytocin only stimulates uterine muscle contraction and not other muscles?

Accepted Answer

Only uterine muscle cells have receptors for oxytocin.

Question 16

Which hormone is released by the heart and lowers blood pressure by increasing salt and water excretion?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating red blood cell synthesis in bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Erythropoietin

Question 18

Which hormone increases the metabolic rate of most body cells and regulates growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine

Question 19

Which hormone is released by fat cells and regulates appetite, immune function, and blood vessel growth?

Accepted Answer

Leptin

Question 20

Which equation best represents the feedback regulation of ADH release in response to water intake?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Increased water intake} ightarrow 	ext{Decreased ADH secretion}$$

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: The Endocrine System

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