Question 1

Which adaptation was most critical for early plants to prevent desiccation when colonizing land?

Accepted Answer

Development of a waxy cuticle

Question 2

The structure shown in the first image is most likely a:

Accepted Answer

Filamentous green alga (charophyte)

Question 3

Which of the following is a key derived trait of land plants that is absent in charophytes?

Accepted Answer

Alternation of generations

Question 4

The second image shows a cross-section of a protein complex. What is its significance in plant evolution?

Accepted Answer

It is a ring of cellulose-synthesizing proteins, a trait shared by land plants and charophytes.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of alternation of generations in land plants?

Accepted Answer

A life cycle in which multicellular haploid and diploid forms alternate, with meiosis producing spores and fertilization producing zygotes.

Question 6

Why are multicellular, dependent embryos considered a key derived trait of land plants?

Accepted Answer

They are retained within tissues of the female gametophyte and nourished via placental transfer cells.

Question 7

Which structure in the fourth image is responsible for gas exchange in land plants?

Accepted Answer

Stomata

Question 8

The fifth image highlights a specialized cell in plant reproduction. What is its function?

Accepted Answer

Placental transfer cell, which facilitates nutrient transfer to the developing embryo.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about fungal cell walls is correct?

Accepted Answer

Fungal cell walls are composed primarily of chitin, which prevents cells from bursting due to osmotic pressure.

Question 10

Which type of mycorrhizal association involves fungal hyphae penetrating the root cell wall and branching within the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Arbuscular mycorrhizae (endomycorrhizae)

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants?

Accepted Answer

Molecular and genetic evidence shows fungi and animals share a more recent common ancestor, and both have platelike cristae in their mitochondria.

Question 12

Which group of fungi is characterized by the production of flagellated spores and is thought to include some of the earliest fungal lineages?

Accepted Answer

Chytridiomycota

Question 13

A student observes a fungus with coenocytic hyphae and sporangia that produce haploid spores by mitosis. Which group does this fungus most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Zygomycota

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the ecological role of most fungi?

Accepted Answer

Decomposers that recycle nutrients by breaking down organic matter such as cellulose and lignin.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-world example of a mutualistic relationship involving fungi?

Accepted Answer

Mycorrhizal fungi increasing water and mineral uptake for plants in exchange for carbohydrates.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why fungal mycelium is highly branched?

Accepted Answer

To maximize surface area for nutrient absorption from the environment.

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the process of osmosis that occurs in fungal hyphae as they absorb nutrients?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_s + \Psi_p$$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a correct pairing of fungal group and characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Basidiomycota – produce flagellated spores

Question 19

A scientist discovers a fungus that forms a mutualistic relationship with plant roots, where the fungal hyphae form tree-shaped structures inside root cells. Which group does this fungus most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Glomeromycota

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the economic and medical importance of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Fungi are used in the production of antibiotics, food fermentation, and bioremediation, but can also cause diseases in plants and animals.

bio 2 ch 26 pt 1

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard