Question 1

Which of the following best describes the sequence of immune defenses that a pathogen must overcome to cause an infection in a healthy human?

Accepted Answer

Nonspecific external barriers → Innate immune response → Adaptive immune response

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin as a nonspecific external barrier?

Accepted Answer

Producing antibodies to neutralize pathogens

Question 3

A patient is exposed to a new strain of influenza virus. Which immune response is responsible for the rapid production of antibodies upon a second exposure to the same virus months later?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells generated during the first exposure

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the cellular structures targeted by antibiotics

Question 5

Which immune cell type is primarily responsible for destroying virus-infected or cancerous cells by recognizing altered MHC proteins?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells

Question 6

A person with a genetic defect that prevents the production of regulatory T cells is likely to develop which type of disorder?

Accepted Answer

Autoimmune disease

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of antibodies in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They recognize and bind to specific antigens, triggering and aiding in the destruction of invaders

Question 8

Which antibody class is most important for providing immunity to a newborn through the placenta?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 9

A person is stung by a bee and experiences swelling and redness at the site. Which process is primarily responsible for these symptoms?

Accepted Answer

The inflammatory response triggered by mast cell release of histamine

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why vaccines are effective in preventing certain diseases?

Accepted Answer

They expose the immune system to antigens, allowing memory cells to form without causing disease

Question 11

A patient with HIV is at increased risk for infections because the virus destroys which type of immune cell?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cells

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between innate and adaptive immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Innate responses are immediate and nonspecific, while adaptive responses are specific and develop over days to weeks

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in B cells?

Accepted Answer

A B cell with a specific antibody binds to an antigen, multiplies, and differentiates into plasma and memory cells

Question 14

Which of the following is a real-world example of cell-mediated immunity in action?

Accepted Answer

A cytotoxic T cell destroying a virus-infected body cell

Question 15

A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease. Which of the following best explains the underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

The immune system produces antibodies that attack the body's own insulin-producing cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of complement proteins in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They circulate in the blood and help destroy microbes by damaging their membranes

Question 17

A new cancer immunotherapy involves extracting T cells from a patient, genetically modifying them to recognize cancer antigens, and reintroducing them into the patient. Which immune process does this therapy most directly enhance?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated immunity

Question 18

Which of the following is a likely consequence of a genetic disorder that prevents the production of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells may attack healthy body cells, mistaking them for infected or cancerous cells

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a person who has recovered from measles is unlikely to get the disease again?

Accepted Answer

Memory B and T cells specific to the measles virus remain in the body and respond rapidly to future exposures

Defenses Against Disease: The Immune System

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard