Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy, as illustrated by a cyclist at the top and bottom of a hill?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy due to position, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 2

In the context of biological systems, what is the primary significance of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

Based on the billiard table illustration, what does an increase in entropy represent in a biological system?

Accepted Answer

An increase in randomness and less organized molecules.

Question 4

Which room (A or B) in the image best represents a state of higher entropy, and why?

Accepted Answer

Room B, because it is less organized and has higher randomness.

Question 5

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens to the entropy of the universe during energy transfers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Entropy of the universe increases.

Question 6

In a chemical reaction, what are the reactants and products as shown in the block-building diagram?

Accepted Answer

Reactants are the blocks before assembly; products are the assembled structure.

Question 7

Which type of reaction requires an input of energy, as shown in the 'Reaction (Building Up)' diagram?

Accepted Answer

Endergonic reaction

Question 8

What is the main function of ATP in cellular processes, as depicted in the ATP & ADP cycle diagram?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores and releases energy for cellular work by transferring a phosphate group.

Question 9

How does energy coupling, as shown in the energy coupling diagram, benefit cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

It allows energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

Question 10

What is the role of phosphorylation in cellular processes, as illustrated in the glucose phosphorylation diagram?

Accepted Answer

It transfers a phosphate group from ATP to a molecule, activating or changing its function.

Question 11

Based on the enzyme catalysis diagrams, how do enzymes affect the activation energy of a reaction?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up the reaction.

Question 12

Which environmental factors, as shown in the enzyme activity diagram, can affect enzyme function?

Accepted Answer

Temperature, pH, and substrate concentration

Question 13

What is the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibition, as shown in the inhibition diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site; noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a different site.

Question 14

In the metabolic pathway diagram, what is the effect of negative feedback on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

The final product inhibits an earlier enzyme, slowing or stopping the pathway.

Question 15

According to the redox reaction diagram (LEO the lion goes GER), what happens during oxidation and reduction?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation is the loss of electrons; reduction is the gain of electrons.

Question 16

What is the function of electron carriers such as NADH and FADH2, as shown in the electron taxi diagram?

Accepted Answer

They transport electrons to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Question 17

In the cellular respiration equation diagram, which molecule is oxidized and which is reduced?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is oxidized; oxygen is reduced.

Question 18

Based on the stages of aerobic cellular respiration diagram, what is the correct order of the stages?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain & Chemiosmosis

Energy and Life: Thermodynamics, Chemical Reactions, and Cellular Respiration

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