Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between potential and kinetic energy, as illustrated by the archer and arrow in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Potential energy is stored energy due to position, while kinetic energy is the energy of motion.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy can be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed.

Question 3

Which scenario best illustrates the second law of thermodynamics in a biological context?

Accepted Answer

A cell maintaining order by using energy from sunlight.

Question 4

Which of the following is true about exergonic and endergonic reactions, as shown in the third image?

Accepted Answer

Exergonic reactions release energy and have a negative $$\Delta G.$$

Question 5

What is the primary role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP serves as the main energy currency, providing energy for cellular work.

Question 6

Which statement about redox reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Reduction involves the gain of electrons, often accompanied by the addition of hydrogen.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of enzymes in biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions.

Question 8

What is the effect of increasing enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction, assuming substrate is not limiting?

Accepted Answer

The rate of reaction increases proportionally.

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzyme specificity?

Accepted Answer

Each enzyme is specific to a particular substrate and reaction.

Question 10

Which class of enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a functional group from one molecule to another?

Accepted Answer

Transferases

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a deficiency in a coenzyme. Which of the following is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

The patient's enzyme-catalyzed reactions that require vitamins.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes competitive inhibition?

Accepted Answer

The inhibitor binds to the active site, preventing substrate binding.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback regulation in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

A product of a pathway inhibits the first enzyme in the pathway.

Question 14

If a cell's environment becomes more acidic than its optimal pH, what is the most likely effect on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

Enzyme activity will decrease due to denaturation.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why life on Earth is considered an open system?

Accepted Answer

Life on Earth depends on a constant input of energy from the sun.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about catabolism and anabolism is correct?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy, while anabolism builds molecules using energy.

Question 17

A scientist discovers a new enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of one isomer to another. To which class does this enzyme most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Isomerases

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of NADH and FADH$$_2 in $$metabolism?

Accepted Answer

They are energy intermediates that store and transfer electrons during redox reactions.

Question 19

Which of the following would most likely result if an enzyme in a metabolic pathway is nonfunctional due to a genetic mutation?

Accepted Answer

The pathway will stop at the step catalyzed by the nonfunctional enzyme.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity?

Accepted Answer

At high substrate concentrations, the rate of reaction levels off as enzymes become saturated.

Energy, Enzymes, and Metabolism: Study Notes for General Biology

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