Q: Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6 \text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \text{CO}_2 + 6 \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Anabolic pathways assemble small molecules into large ones, requiring energy, while catabolic pathways break down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy.

Question 2

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6 	ext{CO}_2 + 6 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 3

According to the second law of thermodynamics, what happens during every energy transfer in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Some energy is lost as heat, increasing the entropy of the universe.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about ATP is correct?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the high-energy bonds between its phosphate groups.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why human respiration of glucose is more efficient than an automobile engine?

Accepted Answer

Human respiration uses a series of controlled redox reactions to capture more energy as ATP.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of energetic coupling in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

The exergonic hydrolysis of ATP is used to drive an endergonic reaction such as the synthesis of macromolecules.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

NAD+ is an electron carrier that is reduced to NADH during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.

Question 9

A competitive inhibitor of an enzyme works by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to the active site and preventing substrate binding.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways?

Accepted Answer

The end product of a pathway inhibits an enzyme involved early in the pathway.

Question 11

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why fermentation is less efficient than aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation does not use an electron transport chain and produces only 2 ATP per glucose.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Pyruvate oxidation → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 14

What is the main function of the electron transport chain in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

To create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about photosynthesis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Question 16

Which pigment is primarily responsible for absorbing light energy in plants?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a

Question 17

What is the role of RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

It fixes carbon dioxide to ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between C3 and C4 photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

C3 plants fix CO2 into a 3-carbon compound, while C4 plants initially fix CO2 into a 4-carbon compound in separate cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the first law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A car engine converting gasoline into motion and heat, with the total energy remaining constant.

Energy, Metabolism, and Cellular Respiration: Foundations of Bioenergetics

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