Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis results in two diploid cells, while meiosis results in four haploid cells.

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for glycosylation and modification (sorting) of proteins in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A scientist observes a eukaryotic cell with a cell wall composed of chitin and ergosterol in its membrane. Which group does this organism most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the central dogma of molecular biology is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 6

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 7

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop codon). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 8

Which process allows bacteria to acquire genetic material from their environment, such as DNA fragments released by dead cells?

Accepted Answer

Transformation

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why antibiotics are generally ineffective against viruses?

Accepted Answer

Viruses lack the metabolic pathways targeted by antibiotics.

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with a disease caused by a prion. Which of the following best describes the infectious agent?

Accepted Answer

A misfolded protein that induces misfolding in normal proteins.

Question 11

Which of the following is a real-world example of lysogenic conversion, where a bacteriophage imparts new pathogenic properties to a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Corynebacterium diphtheriae producing diphtheria toxin after phage infection.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the structure of a eukaryotic flagellum?

Accepted Answer

A 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules.

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Calcium ion storage and lipid synthesis.

Question 14

A scientist is studying a protist with a silica shell and a frustule. To which group does this organism most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Diatoms (Stramenopiles)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is universal and redundant, with multiple codons coding for the same amino acid.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Specific molecules are taken into the cell via clathrin-coated vesicles.

Question 17

Which of the following equations correctly represents the base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A = T, \ C \equiv G$$

Question 18

A virus with a +ssRNA genome that uses reverse transcription to replicate would be classified in which Baltimore group?

Accepted Answer

Group VI

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of a dimorphic fungus, and what is its clinical significance?

Accepted Answer

Candida albicans, which can cause thrush and systemic infections.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why polyribosomes are advantageous for a cell?

Accepted Answer

They allow multiple copies of a protein to be synthesized simultaneously from a single mRNA.

Eukaryotes, Microbial Genetics, and Virology: Study Guide

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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