Q: Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

$$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain compartmentalized organelles that increase efficiency of cellular processes.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a nucleoid region, circular DNA, and membrane folds involved in respiration. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

According to the endosymbiosis theory, which evidence supports the idea that mitochondria originated from free-living bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in the secretory pathway?

Accepted Answer

It processes, sorts, and ships proteins received from the rough ER.

Question 6

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear localization signals (NLS) on proteins. What is the most likely consequence for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteins required in the nucleus will not be transported into the nucleus.

Question 7

Which structure is found in plant cells but not in animal cells, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast; photosynthesis

Question 8

What is the main advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows separation of incompatible chemical reactions and increases reaction efficiency.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the flow of genetic information according to the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 10

A bacterial cell is observed to swim toward a nutrient source. Which structure is most directly responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a component of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

A cell is unable to maintain a low pH in its lysosomes. What process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of macromolecules

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why prokaryotic cells can carry out cellular respiration without mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

They use membrane folds in the plasma membrane to house electron transport chain proteins.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the large central vacuole in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water and maintenance of cell rigidity

Question 15

A protein is synthesized in the rough ER and must be secreted from the cell. Which sequence of organelles will it pass through?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane

Question 16

Which of the following structures is responsible for assembling ribosomal RNA and ribosome subunits?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of plasmids in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide additional genetic information, often for antibiotic resistance.

Question 18

A mutation disrupts the function of the nuclear pore complex. Which process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of proteins and RNA between the nucleus and cytosol

Question 19

Which of the following is a key difference between plant and animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard