Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can carry out more specialized functions than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain compartmentalized organelles that separate incompatible chemical reactions and increase efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a nucleoid region, circular DNA, ribosomes, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear localization signals (NLS) in a protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be unable to enter the nucleus and will remain in the cytosol.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles are surrounded by a single membrane.

Question 6

In prokaryotic cells, where does the electron transport chain for cellular respiration occur?

Accepted Answer

On the plasma membrane and its infoldings

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

It processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough ER.

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, chloroplasts, and a cell wall. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 9

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis in all cells.

Question 10

A bacterial cell is found to be resistant to antibiotics. Which structure is most likely responsible for this trait?

Accepted Answer

Plasmid

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why lysosomal enzymes are most active at pH 5.0?

Accepted Answer

Proton pumps in the lysosomal membrane maintain an acidic environment.

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and detoxification

Question 13

A cell is unable to secrete proteins. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

Which of the following structures is found in prokaryotic cells but NOT in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Nucleoid

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear pore complex?

Accepted Answer

It allows selective transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytosol.

Question 16

A cell is observed to have many peroxisomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Oxidation of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances

Question 17

Which of the following is a key advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It enables the separation of incompatible chemical reactions and increases reaction efficiency.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of fimbriae in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Attachment to surfaces and other cells

Question 19

A mutation causes a eukaryotic cell to lack a functional nucleolus. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome assembly

Question 20

Which of the following equations best summarizes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structure and Function

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard