Question 1

Which of the following best describes alternative splicing in eukaryotic gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins by including or excluding certain exons during mRNA processing.

Question 2

Metagenomics is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

The study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of bioinformatics?

Accepted Answer

Using DNA technology to combine DNA from two different sources in a test tube.

Question 4

What is the main goal of the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

To sequence and map all the genes in the human genome.

Question 5

Which tool is commonly used to compare nucleotide or protein sequences to sequence databases and calculate the statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

BLAST

Question 6

A population has 85 individuals of genotype AA, 320 of genotype Aa, and 295 of genotype aa. What is the frequency of allele A in this population? Use the formula $$p = \frac{2N_{AA} + N_{Aa}}{2N_{total}}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$p = 0.35$$

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of behavioral isolation?

Accepted Answer

Males of different species of Drosophila have different courtship rituals.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why allopatric speciation is more common than sympatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Geographic isolation greatly reduces gene flow between populations.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about genetic drift is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is a random change in allele frequencies that can have a significant effect in small populations.

Question 10

Which of the following is a plausible hypothesis based on the FOXP2 protein sequence differences between humans and other primates?

Accepted Answer

The FOXP2 gene may have evolved faster in the human lineage than in other primates.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a multigene family?

Accepted Answer

A group of genes that arose by duplication and code for proteins with similar functions.

Question 12

Which of the following is the largest unit within which gene flow can readily occur?

Accepted Answer

Species

Question 13

Which of the following processes is most likely to have contributed to two eukaryotic proteins sharing one domain but otherwise being very different?

Accepted Answer

Exon shuffling

Question 14

Which of the following is a valid rationale for sequencing the chimpanzee genome?

Accepted Answer

To determine what genetic changes determine uniquely human features such as large brains and language ability.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the discrepancy between the amount of DNA and the number of genes in humans compared to E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A human cell has much more noncoding DNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is the highly conserved sequence element present within homeotic genes?

Accepted Answer

Homeobox

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of adaptation, unity, and diversity as illustrated by the honeypot ant?

Accepted Answer

The expandable abdomen is an adaptation for food storage; the ant shares many features with other ants (unity); the unique abdomen shows diversity.

Question 18

Which of the following factors would be most likely to contribute to allopatric speciation?

Accepted Answer

Different mutations begin to distinguish the gene pools of the separated populations.

Question 19

Plant species A has a diploid chromosome number of 12. Plant species B has a diploid number of 16. A new species, C, arises as an allopolyploid from A and B. The diploid number for species C would probably be:

Accepted Answer

28

Question 20

Which of the following questions can be explored by sequencing and comparing genomes? (Select the best answer)

Accepted Answer

All of the above: What are the functions of the human genome? How do genomes differ in number of genes? What do gene sequences tell us about evolutionary relationships between species?

Exam 2 Study Guidance: Evolution, Genomics, and Speciation

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard