Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \text{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways in metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy; anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, consuming energy.

Question 2

According to the first law of thermodynamics, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.

Question 3

Which of the following reactions is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 4

What is the main role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To lower the activation energy ($$E_A) $$required for a reaction to proceed

Question 5

During glycolysis, what are the net products generated from one molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate

Question 6

Where in the mitochondrion does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) occur?

Accepted Answer

In the mitochondrial matrix

Question 7

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 8

Why is the number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during cellular respiration not always exact?

Accepted Answer

Some ATP is used to transport NADH from glycolysis into the mitochondria, and the efficiency of the electron transport chain can vary.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why glycolysis can occur during fermentation, but the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation cannot?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis does not require oxygen, while the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation do.

Question 10

In the light reactions of photosynthesis, what is the primary function of the photosystems?

Accepted Answer

To absorb light energy and transfer excited electrons to the electron transport chain

Question 11

What is the direct product of the Calvin cycle that can be used to form glucose and other organic molecules?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of water in the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water donates electrons to photosystem II, resulting in the release of O$$_2 as a $$byproduct.

Question 13

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$} + 6\mathrm{O_2$} ightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2$} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + 	ext{energy (ATP)}$$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered a high-energy molecule?

Accepted Answer

It contains three phosphate groups whose bonds can be easily broken to release energy.

Question 15

During oxidative phosphorylation, what is the main purpose of the proton (H$$^+) $$gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

To drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 16

Which of the following is a waste product of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

CO$$_2$$

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll absorbs violet, blue, and red light best, and reflects green light.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of chemiosmosis in both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

The movement of protons down their concentration gradient through ATP synthase to generate ATP

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Production of ATP

Question 20

A patient is unable to produce sufficient NAD$$^+ in $$their cells. Which stage of cellular respiration would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Exam 3 Study Guide: Metabolism, Cellular Respiration, and Photosynthesis

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