Question 1

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 2

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 3

During transcription, which DNA strand has the same sequence as the RNA transcript (except for the replacement of T with U)?

Accepted Answer

Coding strand

Question 4

What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?

Accepted Answer

It is the binding site for RNA polymerase to initiate transcription.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase requires a primer to begin RNA synthesis.

Question 6

In eukaryotic cells, what additional molecules are required for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter and initiate transcription?

Accepted Answer

Transcription factors

Question 7

Which of the following modifications occur to eukaryotic pre-mRNA before it becomes mature mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Addition of a 5' cap and a poly-A tail

Question 8

What is the main function of the poly-A tail added to eukaryotic mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It protects the mRNA from degradation.

Question 9

During RNA splicing, which regions are removed from the pre-mRNA transcript?

Accepted Answer

Introns

Question 10

Which type of RNA contains codons that specify amino acids during translation?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 11

A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5'-AGT-3'. What is the corresponding mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

$$3'-UCA-5'$$

Question 12

Which of the following best explains the redundancy of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

There are more codons than amino acids.

Question 13

What is the first amino acid incorporated into a polypeptide during translation in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Methionine

Question 14

Which of the following processes is the first event to take place in translation?

Accepted Answer

The small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the mRNA.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that adds or removes a nucleotide, altering the reading frame.

Question 16

Which of the following is a reversible post-translational modification that can activate or deactivate a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorylation

Question 17

A section of DNA has this base sequence: AGCGTTACCGT. A mutation in this DNA strand results in this base sequence: AGGCGTTACCGT. What type of mutation does this change represent?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 18

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes join amino acids to form a polypeptide.

Question 19

During translation, which site on the ribosome does the tRNA carrying the next amino acid enter?

Accepted Answer

A-site

Question 20

Which of the following mutations is most likely to have the most serious effect on the polypeptide product if it occurs just after the start codon?

Accepted Answer

Deletion of one nucleotide

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Transcription & Translation)

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