Question 1

Which property of water allows it to move up the stem of a plant against gravity, and what is the main molecular interaction responsible for this property?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion; hydrogen bonds between water and plant cell walls

Question 2

A scientist is testing the effect of a new fertilizer on plant growth. She sets up two groups: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. Which of the following best describes the control group in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The group that receives no fertilizer

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Ice is less dense than liquid water because its molecules form a crystalline structure that takes up more space

Question 4

Which of the following statements about polar covalent bonds is correct?

Accepted Answer

They occur when atoms with different electronegativities share electrons unequally

Question 5

A solution is made by dissolving table salt (NaCl) in water. Which property of water allows it to dissolve the salt, and what is the molecular explanation?

Accepted Answer

Universal solvent; water's partial charges attract and surround the positive and negative ions

Question 6

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information, and what are its monomers called?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids; nucleotides

Question 7

A student wants to graph the number of different types of macromolecules found in various foods. Which type of graph should they use and why?

Accepted Answer

Bar graph; it is best for comparing discrete categories

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and functions in protein synthesis

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct example of a hypothesis for an experiment?

Accepted Answer

If plants are given more sunlight, then they will grow taller.

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why soap is effective at cleaning oily surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Soap molecules have both polar and nonpolar regions, allowing them to interact with both water and oil

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of lipids in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing insulation and forming cell membranes

Question 12

A researcher is measuring the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The activity of the enzyme

Question 13

Which of the following best describes a polymer and its relationship to monomers?

Accepted Answer

A polymer is a large molecule made of repeating monomer units

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat capacity?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules require a lot of energy to break

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a macromolecule with its function?

Accepted Answer

Proteins: speed up chemical reactions

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in cells?

Accepted Answer

They form the main component of cell membranes

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a 'universal solvent'?

Accepted Answer

Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances

Question 19

A student is designing an experiment to test the effect of pH on the rate of photosynthesis in algae. Which variable should be kept constant to ensure valid results?

Accepted Answer

The amount of light the algae receive

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between a covalent bond and a hydrogen bond?

Accepted Answer

A covalent bond involves sharing electrons between atoms; a hydrogen bond is an attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom in a different molecule

General Biology Study Notes: Water, Macromolecules, and Experimental Design

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard