Question 1

Which of the following glial cells is responsible for myelinating axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes

Question 2

Microglia are unique among CNS cells because they are derived from which embryonic structure?

Accepted Answer

Yolk sac

Question 3

Which function is NOT performed by astrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 4

A patient suffers a traumatic brain injury. Which glial response is most likely to occur at the injury site?

Accepted Answer

Reactive gliosis and glial scar formation

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the role of microglia in synaptic plasticity?

Accepted Answer

They eliminate weak or unnecessary synapses during development and adulthood.

Question 6

Which cell type lines the ventricles of the brain and is involved in the synthesis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Accepted Answer

Ependymal cells

Question 7

Which of the following statements about Schwann cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They promote axonal regeneration in the PNS.

Question 8

A researcher is studying the tripartite synapse. Which of the following is a key function of astrocytes at this structure?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of extracellular glutamate and $$K^+$$

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why damaged axons in the CNS generally do NOT regenerate?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes and astrocytic glial scars create physical and biochemical barriers.

Question 10

Which glial cell type is most similar in function to astrocytes but is found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Satellite cells

Question 11

During brain development, which cell type acts as a scaffold to guide migrating neurons to their correct positions?

Accepted Answer

Radial glia

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of oligodendrocytes in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Formation of myelin sheaths around multiple axons

Question 13

Which process is enhanced by the presence of myelin on axons?

Accepted Answer

Saltatory conduction

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the main function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis and regulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 15

A mutation prevents the expression of GFAP in the developing brain. Which cell type would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Astrocytes

Question 16

Which of the following is a key difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

Oligodendrocytes myelinate multiple axons, while Schwann cells myelinate only one axon segment.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of astrocytes in neurovascular coupling?

Accepted Answer

They release vasoactive factors to regulate capillary diameter and cerebral blood flow.

Question 18

Which glial cell type is primarily responsible for immune defense and surveillance in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of satellite cells in the PNS?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of O$$_2$$, CO$$_2$$, nutrients, and neurotransmitters around neuronal cell bodies

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Schwann cells can promote axonal regeneration in the PNS, but oligodendrocytes cannot in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells form bands of Büngner and secrete growth-promoting factors, while oligodendrocytes and astrocytic scars create inhibitory environments.

Glial Cells of the Nervous System: Structure, Function, and Development

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica