Question 1

Which of the following cells is primarily responsible for the rapid response to a bacterial infection and is the most abundant type of white blood cell in human blood?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophil

Question 2

A patient presents with an acute allergic reaction. Which leukocyte is most likely to be elevated in their blood test?

Accepted Answer

Basophil

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the main function of plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of antibodies

Question 4

Which cell type is involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses to parasitic infections and contains granules that stain bright red with eosin?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 5

Which of the following cells is derived from the lymphoid lineage but is part of the innate immune system and can kill a wide variety of infected or cancerous cells without prior sensitization?

Accepted Answer

Natural Killer (NK) cell

Question 6

What is the primary function of dendritic cells in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Engulfment and presentation of antigens to T cells

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why memory cells are important in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They respond rapidly and robustly upon second exposure to the same antigen.

Question 8

A patient with a parasitic worm infection is likely to have an increased number of which type of leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophils

Question 9

Which of the following cells undergoes further differentiation in the thymus?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between cytotoxic T cells and NK cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells have receptors specific for a particular microbe, while NK cells do not.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the process of clonal selection in lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

The proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen.

Question 12

Which of the following cells is most likely to increase in number during an acute viral infection?

Accepted Answer

Lymphocytes

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of monocytes after they leave the bloodstream and enter tissues?

Accepted Answer

They differentiate into macrophages and phagocytize debris.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of helper T cells (CD4+) in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They secrete cytokines to activate other immune cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the origin and development of B and T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Both originate in the red bone marrow, but only T cells mature in the thymus.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the main difference between humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

Humoral immunity is mediated by B cells and antibodies, while cell-mediated immunity is mediated by T cells.

Question 17

A patient receives a tissue transplant. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for attacking the foreign tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of effector cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They carry out immune responses that result in the destruction or inactivation of antigens.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of agranular leukocytes?

Accepted Answer

They have a single, unlobed nucleus and few or no granules.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why neutrophil count increases during an acute bacterial infection?

Accepted Answer

Neutrophils are highly effective at killing bacteria and are rapidly recruited to infection sites.

Immune System Cells: Structure, Function, and Classification

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