Question 1

Which of the following best describes the basic structure of an antibody molecule?

Accepted Answer

Two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains linked by disulfide bonds

Question 2

Which immunoglobulin class is the first to be produced in response to an antigen and is most effective at agglutination?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 3

What is the main function of the Fc region of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

Determining the antibody's class and mediating effector functions

Question 4

Which of the following statements about light chains in antibodies is correct?

Accepted Answer

Each antibody contains two identical light chains, either kappa or lambda

Question 5

A patient with a parasitic worm infection shows elevated levels of which immunoglobulin?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 6

Which antibody class is most abundant in serum and is capable of crossing the placenta to provide passive immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 7

Which process describes the tagging of pathogens by antibodies to enhance their uptake and destruction by phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

Opsonization

Question 8

Monoclonal antibodies are produced by fusing which two types of cells?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes and tumor cells

Question 9

Which of the following is a clinical use of monoclonal antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Delivering anticancer drugs specifically to cancerous tissues

Question 10

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily found in mucosal secretions such as saliva, tears, and breast milk, and plays a major role in preventing pathogen entry?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why antibodies can recognize a vast array of different antigens?

Accepted Answer

The variable regions of both heavy and light chains have diverse amino acid sequences

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly destroying pathogens

Question 13

A laboratory technician uses papain to digest an antibody molecule. Which fragments are produced?

Accepted Answer

Two Fab fragments and one Fc fragment

Question 14

Which immunoglobulin class is almost exclusively displayed on the surface of B cells and has an unknown function?

Accepted Answer

IgD

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for Adalimumab (Humira®)?

Accepted Answer

It binds to TNF and blocks its interaction with TNF receptors

Question 16

Which antibody class is most effective at activating the classical pathway of complement?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies tag target cells for destruction by natural killer cells

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct pairing of immunoglobulin heavy chain isotype and antibody class?

Accepted Answer

$$\mu$$ – IgM

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why monoclonal antibodies are highly specific for a single epitope?

Accepted Answer

They are produced by identical immune cells derived from a single parent cell

Question 20

A patient receives a monoclonal antibody therapy for lymphoma. What is the main advantage of this treatment compared to traditional chemotherapy?

Accepted Answer

It targets only cancerous cells, minimizing damage to healthy tissue

Immunological Reactions: Antibodies and Monoclonal Antibodies

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