Question 1

Which process is depicted in the second image, where DNA is used to synthesize mRNA in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 2

Refer to the codon table and the sequence in the first image. If the DNA sequence is $$5'\ ATG\ CAT\ GCA\ TGC\ 3'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'\ AUG\ CAU\ GCA\ UGC\ 3'$$

Question 3

A mutation changes a codon from GAG to GUG in the hemoglobin gene (see the seventh image). What type of mutation is this and what is the resulting amino acid change?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation; Glu to Val

Question 4

In the context of the central dogma, which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ RNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 5

If a point mutation in the Mc1r gene changes an amino acid from arginine to cysteine (see the allele table), what type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 6

A DNA sequence $$5'\ CCT\ GAG\ GAC\ AAG\ TCT\ GCC\ 3' is $$transcribed and translated. What is the resulting amino acid sequence? (Use the codon table provided in the images.)

Accepted Answer

PRO-GLU-ASP-LYS-SER-ALA

Question 7

A mutation deletes a single nucleotide in the coding region of a gene. What is the most likely consequence for the resulting protein?

Accepted Answer

A frameshift mutation altering all downstream amino acids

Question 8

In a cross between two heterozygous mice (Mm x Mm), what is the expected phenotypic ratio of dark to light fur in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

3/4 dark, 1/4 light

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an allele?

Accepted Answer

An alternative form of a gene

Question 10

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 11

Which of the following is the ultimate source of new alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 12

A nonsense mutation occurs in a gene. What is the most likely effect on the protein product?

Accepted Answer

The protein is truncated due to an early stop codon

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why most point mutations are neutral?

Accepted Answer

The genetic code is redundant, so some changes do not alter the amino acid sequence

Question 14

If a DNA template strand reads $$3'\ TAC\ GGT\ AAC\ 5'$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'\ AUG\ CCA\ UUG\ 3'$$

Question 15

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a deletion of three nucleotides in the CFTR gene, resulting in the loss of a phenylalanine residue. What is the most likely effect on the protein?

Accepted Answer

A nonfunctional protein that is not inserted into the membrane

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of life as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Is not capable of evolution

Question 17

Which process increases genetic diversity during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 18

A mutation changes a codon from UAU (tyrosine) to UAA (stop). What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 19

If a mouse with genotype Bb (B = brown, b = white) mates with a bb mouse, what is the probability that their offspring will have white fur?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype determines the phenotype through the proteins produced

Information Flow: DNA, Mutations, and Inheritance in General Biology

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

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