Q: Given the DNA template strand 5'–CCTGAGGACAAGTCTCC–3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

$$5'\text{CCUGAGGAGAAGUCUCC}\ 3'$$

Q: If a DNA sequence is 5'–ATG CAT GCA TGC–3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

$$5'\text{AUG CAU GCA UGC}\ 3'$$

Question 1

Which process is responsible for converting the genetic information stored in DNA into a complementary mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 2

Given the DNA template strand 5'–CCTGAGGACAAGTCTCC–3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{CCUGAGGAGAAGUCUCC}\ 3'$$

Question 3

A point mutation changes a codon from GAG to GUG in the β-globin gene. What is the likely effect on the protein product?

Accepted Answer

The amino acid changes from glutamic acid to valine, potentially causing sickle cell disease.

Question 4

Which type of mutation is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein due to a shift in the reading frame?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 5

A coding strand of DNA had a base substitution: 5’–CGG TCG TAC AGG TGA CGC CAG–3’. The T in TAC is replaced by G, making it GAC. What is the effect on the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Different after the T to G change.

Question 6

In the context of the central dogma, which sequence correctly represents the flow of genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA → RNA → Protein

Question 7

A mouse with genotype Mm is crossed with another Mm mouse. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring if M is dominant for dark fur and m is recessive for light fur?

Accepted Answer

3/4 dark, 1/4 light

Question 8

Which of the following best describes an allele?

Accepted Answer

An alternative form of a gene that arises by mutation.

Question 9

A deletion of a single codon in the CFTR gene (as seen in cystic fibrosis) most likely results in:

Accepted Answer

A nonfunctional protein due to loss of an amino acid.

Question 10

If a mutation changes a codon from AAA (lysine) to AGA (arginine), what type of mutation has occurred?

Accepted Answer

Missense mutation

Question 11

Which of the following is the ultimate source of new alleles in a population?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 12

A mouse has the Mc1r gene with the following DNA sense strand: 5'–AAT ACC AAA ACC GGC AAC CTG CAC TCG–3'. If the underlined C is mutated to T, what is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

A missense mutation changes one amino acid.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why most point mutations are neutral?

Accepted Answer

They often occur in non-coding regions or do not change the amino acid due to redundancy in the genetic code.

Question 14

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 15

If a DNA sequence is 5'–ATG CAT GCA TGC–3', what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{AUG CAU GCA UGC}\ 3'$$

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of life as described in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Is not capable of evolution

Question 17

A mutation in the β-globin gene changes the DNA sequence from GAG to AAG. What is the resulting amino acid change, and what is the likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Glu to Lys; may result in hemoglobin C (HbC) and increased malaria resistance.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes a silent mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence due to redundancy in the genetic code.

Question 19

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 20

A mouse with genotype Bb (B = brown, b = white) mates with a bb mouse. What is the probability that their offspring will have brown fur?

Accepted Answer

$$0.5$$

Information Flow: Genes, Mutations, and Inheritance in General Biology

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