Question 1

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that compartmentalize incompatible reactions and increase reaction efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a new cell with the following features: a single circular chromosome, supercoiled DNA molecules, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the endomembrane system is correct?

Accepted Answer

The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and ships proteins received from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 4

A mutation prevents the addition of a mannose-6-phosphate tag to a protein in the Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will be secreted from the cell via exocytosis.

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They are the center of reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions and detoxify hydrogen peroxide.

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of actin filaments just beneath its plasma membrane. Which of the following is a likely function of these filaments?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell crawling and changes in cell shape

Question 7

Which of the following experimental approaches would best test whether a specific amino acid sequence in a protein is a nuclear export signal?

Accepted Answer

Mutate the sequence and observe whether the protein accumulates in the nucleus.

Question 8

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic flagella move by a whip-like motion, while prokaryotic flagella rotate like a propeller.

Question 9

A cell is unable to synthesize the enzyme catalase. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes, leading to cellular damage

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Damaged organelles are enclosed in a membrane and delivered to the lysosome for degradation.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains nuclear pore complexes that selectively regulate the passage of molecules.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered to have originated via endosymbiosis?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes and can divide independently of the cell.

Question 13

A mutation disrupts the function of dynein in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Bending of cilia and flagella

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Sorting and modifying proteins for delivery to their final destinations

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in the separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of glycosylation?

Accepted Answer

Addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins in the ER lumen

Question 17

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole filled with pigments. This cell most likely belongs to:

Accepted Answer

A plant

Question 18

Which of the following is a unique feature of archaeal phospholipids compared to bacterial phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They contain branched isoprenoid chains bound to glycerol.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the nuclear localization signal (NLS)?

Accepted Answer

It marks proteins for import into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex.

Question 20

Which of the following processes is most directly responsible for the movement of vesicles from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Transport along microtubules by motor proteins

Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard