Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why eukaryotic cells can grow larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells contain organelles that compartmentalize incompatible chemical reactions, increasing efficiency.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with the following features: a single circular chromosome, ribosomes, and a cell wall made of peptidoglycan. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a 'zip code' that directs proteins into the nucleus through the nuclear pore complex.

Question 4

Which of the following processes is responsible for the recycling of damaged organelles within a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Autophagy

Question 5

A mutation prevents the addition of mannose-6-phosphate to proteins in the Golgi apparatus. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Targeting of acid hydrolases to the lysosome

Question 6

Which of the following is a key difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic flagella?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic flagella move by rotation, while eukaryotic flagella move by undulating motion.

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying hydrogen peroxide in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 8

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of internal membranes containing enzymes and pigment molecules for capturing sunlight. This cell most likely belongs to:

Accepted Answer

A photosynthetic bacterium

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It organizes organelles, maintains cell shape, and enables movement of materials and the cell itself.

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is directly involved in the separation of chromosomes during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 11

A protein is synthesized in the cytosol and contains an ER signal sequence. What is the correct order of events for this protein to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis in cytosol → rough ER → Golgi apparatus → secretory vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ribosomal RNA

Question 13

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts supports the endosymbiosis theory?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own DNA and ribosomes, and can divide independently of the cell.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

They prevent leakage of extracellular fluid between neighboring cells.

Question 15

A mutation disrupts the function of kinesin in a cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transport of vesicles along microtubules

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of actin filaments in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Driving cell crawling and cytokinesis through interaction with myosin

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Particles bind to specific receptors, are internalized in vesicles, and delivered to early endosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the cell wall is true?

Accepted Answer

In bacteria, its primary structural component is peptidoglycan.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins (glycosylation) in the ER is important?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a signal for proper folding and shipment to the correct cellular destination.

Question 20

A plant cell is observed to have a large central vacuole filled with pigments. What is the most likely function of this vacuole?

Accepted Answer

Storage of water, ions, and pigments that may attract pollinators

CH. 7 - Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Cellular Components

Guida di studio - Domande di pratica

Study guide - Flashcard