Question 1

Which type of reaction is responsible for linking monomers together to form a polymer, as shown in the images above?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration (condensation) reaction

Question 2

During the formation of a disaccharide from two glucose molecules, what molecule is released as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{H_2O}$$

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the difference between glucose and fructose as shown in the diagrams?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is an aldose, while fructose is a ketose.

Question 4

Which structural feature allows cellulose to form strong fibers in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Linear chains of glucose with hydrogen bonds between them

Question 5

What is the main storage polysaccharide in animal muscle tissue, as shown in the images?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 6

Which of the following statements about starch and cellulose is correct?

Accepted Answer

Both are composed of glucose monomers, but only cellulose forms hydrogen bonds between chains.

Question 7

Which process is used by the digestive system to break down polysaccharides into monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 8

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

The patient lacks enzymes to hydrolyze $$\beta-$$glycosidic bonds found in cellulose.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature while saturated fats are solid?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fats have double bonds that create kinks, preventing tight packing.

Question 10

Which molecule is a major component of cell membranes and forms a bilayer due to its amphipathic nature?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Question 11

What type of bond forms between two amino acids during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of chitin in nature?

Accepted Answer

Structural support in fungal cell walls

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between the primary and secondary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids; secondary structure is the folding into $$\alpha-$$helices and $$\beta-$$sheets.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a protein function and its example?

Accepted Answer

Storage protein – ovalbumin

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the structure of DNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA consists of two antiparallel strands held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases.

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why glycogen is more suitable for energy storage in animals compared to cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is highly branched, allowing rapid release of glucose units.

Question 17

Which of the following is a purine found in nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Adenine

Question 18

A mutation changes the sequence of amino acids in a protein. Which level(s) of protein structure are directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and possibly quaternary structures

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They accelerate chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

Question 20

Which of the following is true regarding the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

The head is hydrophilic and the tails are hydrophobic, allowing formation of bilayers in water.

Macromolecules of Biological Importance: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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