Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each trait, and these alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 2

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp ($$where $$P = $$purple, $$p = $$white) is crossed with a plant with genotype $$pp. $$What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 purple : 1 white

Question 3

If a plant with genotype $$PP is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$pp$$, what will be the genotype of all F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$Pp$$

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of a homozygous recessive genotype?

Accepted Answer

$$pp$$

Question 5

A mutation in the gene for pigmentation results in a nonfunctional enzyme. What is the most likely phenotype of a plant with two mutant alleles?

Accepted Answer

White flowers

Question 6

In a dihybrid cross between $$AaBb$$ and $$AaBb ($$where A and B are on different chromosomes), what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype $$aabb$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 7

Which process during meiosis is responsible for Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Random orientation of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I

Question 8

A test cross is performed between a plant with an unknown genotype showing the dominant phenotype and a homozygous recessive plant. If all offspring show the dominant phenotype, what is the genotype of the unknown parent?

Accepted Answer

Homozygous dominant

Question 9

If two heterozygous parents ($$Aa) $$have a child, what is the probability that the child will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why a single base change in DNA can result in a dramatic change in phenotype?

Accepted Answer

It can alter the mRNA and result in a nonfunctional protein, affecting the trait.

Question 11

In Mendel's experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation when two heterozygous plants were crossed for a single trait?

Accepted Answer

3:1

Question 12

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are alternative forms of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 13

A plant with genotype $$Aa is $$self-fertilized. What is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 $$AA$$ : 2 $$Aa$$ : 1 $$aa$$

Question 14

If a gene for flower color has two alleles, $$P ($$purple, dominant) and $$p ($$white, recessive), which genotype(s) will result in purple flowers?

Accepted Answer

$$PP$$ and $$Pp$$

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The observable traits of an organism

Question 16

In a cross between $$AaBb$$ and $$Aabb ($$genes on different chromosomes), what is the probability of producing an offspring with genotype $$Aabb$$?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason why sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete contains only one factor from each pair of factors.

Question 18

A pedigree shows a family where a recessive trait appears in some children but not in the parents. What are the most likely genotypes of the parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous carriers

Question 19

If a plant with genotype $$Aa is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$aa$$, what is the probability that an offspring will be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why Mendel's experiments with pea plants were so successful in revealing the basic principles of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

He used true-breeding plants and focused on traits with clear dominant and recessive forms.

Mendelian Genetics: Principles, Laws, and Applications

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