Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and chromosomes in diploid cells?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, and each chromosome contains many genes.

Question 2

A couple, both carriers for sickle cell trait (genotype HbA/HbS), are planning to have a child. What is the probability that their child will have sickle cell disease (HbS/HbS)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 3

Which of the following inheritance patterns is best illustrated by sickle cell disease, where heterozygotes (HbA/HbS) show both normal and abnormal hemoglobin?

Accepted Answer

Codominance

Question 4

A woman with blood type A (genotype AO) and a man with blood type AB have a child with blood type O. Is it possible for the man to be the biological father?

Accepted Answer

No, because AB individuals cannot produce O gametes.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why most recessive inherited diseases are not evenly distributed in a population?

Accepted Answer

Carriers do not show symptoms and may unknowingly pass the allele, but the disease is more common in populations with higher rates of consanguinity.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affecting both red blood cell shape and resistance to malaria in sickle cell disease.

Question 7

If a woman is a carrier for an X-linked recessive disorder and her husband is unaffected, what is the probability that their son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes Mendel's law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Each individual has two alleles for each gene, and these alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 9

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 10

A man with Huntington's disease (autosomal dominant, genotype Hh) and a woman without the disease (hh) have children. What is the probability that one of their children will inherit the disease?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Multiple genes contribute to a single trait, resulting in continuous variation.

Question 12

If Rachel and Daniel, both carriers for Tay-Sachs disease (Tt), have a child, what is the probability that the child will be a carrier but not affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the chromosome theory of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Genes are located on chromosomes, and chromosomes are the vehicles of genetic inheritance.

Question 14

A woman with genotype XHXh (carrier for hemophilia) and a man with genotype XHY have a daughter. What is the probability that the daughter will be a carrier?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a reason why ABO blood typing can exclude paternity but not always confirm it?

Accepted Answer

Because multiple genotypes can result in the same phenotype.

Question 16

If a trait is X-linked dominant and the father is affected while the mother is unaffected, what is the probability that their son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$0$$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a family pedigree?

Accepted Answer

A chart that shows the inheritance of a trait across generations using standardized symbols for individuals and their relationships.

Question 18

In a population, which factor would most likely increase the frequency of a recessive genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

Increased rates of consanguineous (related) marriages.

Question 19

If a woman with genotype XDXd (affected by an X-linked dominant disorder) and a man with genotype XdY (unaffected) have a son, what is the probability that the son will be affected?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers producing pink flowers.

Patterns of Inheritance: Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Genetics

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