Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall process of photosynthesis in plants?

Accepted Answer

Conversion of light energy into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates

Question 2

Which molecule acts as the primary electron donor in Photosystem II during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 3

Why do plants appear green to the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light and reflects green light

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the Calvin Cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

It fixes inorganic $$CO_2$$ into organic carbohydrate using ATP and NADPH

Question 5

What is the main function of the proton-motive force generated during the light reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To drive the synthesis of ATP via ATP synthase

Question 6

Which of the following pigments is NOT directly involved in the light reactions but helps protect the plant by dissipating excess energy?

Accepted Answer

Carotenoids

Question 7

A mutation causes a plant to lack functional Rubisco. Which process would be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Fixation of $$CO_2 in $$the Calvin Cycle

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fatty acids increase membrane fluidity?

Accepted Answer

Their kinks prevent tight packing of phospholipid tails

Question 9

Which of the following molecules would diffuse most rapidly across a pure phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 10

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst as water enters the cell

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+-$$ATPase) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium out and potassium into the cell against their gradients

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct result of the Z scheme in photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are transferred from water to NADP+ via both Photosystem II and I

Question 13

Which of the following statements about membrane proteins is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Integral membrane proteins are amphipathic and can span the bilayer

Question 14

Which of the following is a consequence of adding cholesterol to a cell membrane at normal body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Membrane permeability to small molecules decreases

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 16

A scientist creates an artificial membrane with only saturated fatty acids. What would be the expected effect on permeability compared to a membrane with unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Permeability would decrease

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why ATP is considered the 'energy currency' of the cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP contains high-energy phosphate bonds that can be hydrolyzed to release energy

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct product of the Calvin Cycle that can be used to synthesize glucose and other carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of Rubisco in the Calvin Cycle?

Accepted Answer

It catalyzes the fixation of $$CO_2 to $$ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of light by chlorophyll, electron transport, formation of ATP and NADPH

Photosynthesis and Biological Membranes: Structure, Function, and Energy Transformation

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