$$6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} \xrightarrow{\text{light}} \text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs produce their own food by building organic molecules, while heterotrophs consume food for energy.

Question 2

Which structure in plant leaves is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Stomata

Question 3

What is the overall balanced equation for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

$$6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} \xrightarrow{	ext{light}} 	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2$$

Question 4

Which part of the chloroplast is the site of the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

Stroma

Question 5

Why do leaves appear green to our eyes?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll reflects green light and absorbs red and blue wavelengths.

Question 6

Which color of visible light is LEAST absorbed by chlorophyll a and b?

Accepted Answer

Green

Question 7

What is the main function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To produce ATP and NADPH using light energy

Question 8

During the light-dependent reactions, what is the source of electrons that replenish those lost by chlorophyll in Photosystem II?

Accepted Answer

Water

Question 9

Which enzyme is responsible for fixing carbon dioxide during the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

RuBisCo (ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase)

Question 10

If a plant is exposed only to green light, what would likely happen to its rate of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

It would decrease because green light is mostly reflected, not absorbed.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why leaves change color in the fall?

Accepted Answer

Accessory pigments become more abundant as chlorophyll production decreases.

Question 12

What is the main purpose of the electron transport chain (ETC) in the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

To generate a proton (H+) gradient for ATP synthesis

Question 13

Which molecule acts as the final electron acceptor in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

NADP+

Question 14

How many turns of the Calvin cycle are required to produce one molecule of glucose ($$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6$$)?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 15

Which of the following is a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions and is released into the atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 16

A plant is placed in an environment with limited water. Which process would be directly affected first?

Accepted Answer

Light-dependent reactions

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis stores energy in glucose, while cellular respiration releases energy from glucose.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT required for the Calvin cycle to proceed?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Question 19

What would happen to the rate of photosynthesis if the enzyme RuBisCo became nonfunctional due to a genetic mutation?

Accepted Answer

The Calvin cycle would stop, drastically reducing glucose production.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why photosynthesis is considered the most important process for life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

It captures solar energy and converts it into chemical energy, supporting nearly all life forms.

Photosynthesis: Structure, Function, and Process in Plants

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