Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of organisms, while physiology is the study of their function.

Question 2

Why are there no large unicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

As cell size increases, the surface area to volume ratio decreases, limiting efficient exchange of nutrients and waste.

Question 3

If a spherical cell doubles its radius, how does its surface area to volume ratio change?

Accepted Answer

The surface area to volume ratio decreases by a factor of 2.

Question 4

Which tissue type is defined by closely packed cells that cover body surfaces and line internal cavities?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 5

Which organ system is primarily responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in mammals?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory system

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contains sparsely packed cells scattered throughout an extracellular matrix.

Question 7

Which tissue type is responsible for voluntary movement in animals?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Receives, processes, and transmits information.

Question 9

How does the endocrine system differ from the nervous system in animal regulation?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system releases signaling molecules that are carried throughout the body for gradual responses.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Sweating to reduce body temperature when overheated.

Question 11

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio for a sphere?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{4\pi r^2$}{\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3$}$$

Question 12

Which adaptation helps marine mammals reduce heat loss in cold environments?

Accepted Answer

Countercurrent heat exchange in blood vessels.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a way animals exchange heat with their environment?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a poikilotherm?

Accepted Answer

An animal whose body temperature varies with its environment.

Question 15

Which of the following is a benefit of endothermy?

Accepted Answer

Ability to maintain high activity levels in cold environments.

Question 16

Which structure in mammals is responsible for sensing and regulating body temperature?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral adaptation for thermoregulation?

Accepted Answer

Penguins huddling together to reduce heat loss.

Question 18

Which of the following is a cost associated with endothermy?

Accepted Answer

Requires more energy to maintain constant body temperature.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why multicellular animals have specialized internal exchange surfaces?

Accepted Answer

To maximize surface area for efficient diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

Principles of Animal Form and Function: Anatomy, Physiology, and Homeostasis (Ch. 40 Study Guide)

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